Gogo’s 2Ku Fast Inflight Internet — The Future is Soon!

Gogo's testbed, a Boeing 737-500 (reg. no. N321GG) dubbed the "Jimmy Ray"

You might have heard of Gogo, that company that lets you check Facebook watch Youtube be productive while you're 30,000 feet in the air. And you might have been one of those who sighed loudly when your cat video kept pausing and buffering.

From the power user traveling for work, to the new user who will update their status to, "I'm posting this from the plane!", most can agree that data speeds inflight are nowhere near what we're used to on the ground. We take connectivity on land for granted, but in the air the concept is still novel and exciting (before it disappoints us multiple times with the infinite spinning "Loading…" circle).

An #AvGeek testing Gogo's speed

Gogo wants you to have really, really fast Internet, and they invited AirlineReporter to come check out their new headquarters in Chicago's Loop, as well as to experience their test bed in action (or in #AvGeek-speak, fly on their private, tricked out Boeing 737-500). Can Internet access actually get better, and what does it mean for the regular passenger?

Diagram of Gogo's 2Ku technology – Image: Gogo

Inflight internet is here to stay, and carriers are working as fast as they can to equip their fleets, if only to keep pace with competitors. There are a few technologies available out there, with a lot a techy goings-on that I'm not qualified to explain, nor am I going to pretend to understand. However for a good primer, check out the piece by fellow attendee Derek Kessler from Android Central, "Gogo's new 2Ku inflight Wi-Fi brings broadband speeds to the skies."

Here's a quick, non-techy summary:

• In the beginning, there was no Wi-Fi on planes.
• Then Gogo installs Wi-Fi; the systems are slow and ground-based (ATG);
• Then it got a little better with improvements (ATG-4);
• Then it got even better with satellites, and started working over water (Ku; Ka is also offered by competitors);
• Now Gogo is using not one but two antennas (2Ku) to receive double the bandwidth from space, offering up to 70Mbps in total download capacity.

 

A 1:1 scale mockup display of Gogo's 2Ku antenna array and radome

For the regular passenger, Gogo hopes they have the forward leap in technology that everyone's been waiting for. Fast speeds, reliable connections, and adequate capacity for all users are the goals for their 2Ku system. Passengers would be able to stream content from providers like Netflix or HBO Go, live broadcasts via Gogo's TV service, even voice calls if the customer (the airline) decides to allow it.

For Gogo, their actual customers are the airlines themselves. So beyond the passenger experience, Gogo wants to be a "holistic" provider of all signals broadcast between aircraft and ground (via satellite). This includes cabin crew services (such as credit card purchases, connecting gate information, and live medical guidance during emergencies) and avionics (such as system diagnostics, real-time flight updates and tracking, and performance data).

Even seemingly minor things, like aerodynamics come into play, as 2Ku uses two flat disc-shaped antennas instead of the single antenna that had to be physically pointed at the satellites (or "gimballed," as my engineer father pointed out). This means the bump that you see on top of the airplane ("radome") doesn't have to be as tall, and thus causes 1-2% less drag and increases fuel efficiency – a metric the airlines obsess over.

LIvestreaming a funny-looking soccer game using Gogo's 2Ku technology while inflight on their Boeing 737-500 testbed, the "Jimmy Ray"

During our demo flight, we had about 20 people with multiple devices all accessing the system at the same time. I decided to open eight windows of Youtube videos at 1080p, on top of streaming a live hockey game on Gogo's TV service – all played without a hitch with nary a lag. For contrast, during my flight from Chicago to Dallas using older ATG-4 equipment, the download rate bogged down until it was rendered completely useless… and I was just trying to pull up the main Google page.

I was certainly impressed by 2Ku, but strangely I was also not completely satisfied – a feeling shared by many of my fellow writers. I actually chalk it up to a bit of overhyping by the Gogo crew, who without a doubt were sincere and proud of their technology, but in their enthusiasm may have oversold the performance a little bit; we were expecting even faster speeds. The fastest anyone on my flight reached was about 18Mbps, and that was while on the ground; most were in the 5-6Mbps range while inflight. For comparison, an average Starbucks has download speeds of 9.01Mbps, the fastest of any public Wi-Fi in the U.S.; AT&T and Verizon offers 4G data speeds of around 6.5Mbps.

I will be the first to admit that this is as #FirstWorldProblems as it gets, and with Gogo's passion and motivation to connect air-to-ground with blazing-fast speeds I'm fairly confident they'll work out any kinks.

The cabin to Gogo's Boeing 737-500 test bird

It's worth mentioning that upload speeds were a dismal 1.0Mbps, with an atrocious latency approaching 1,000ms and beyond; hardcore Periscopers and gamers need not apply, and you can forget about uploading your vacation videos onto Youtube.

So when does the flying public get to experience inflight broadband speeds? Gogo indicated that eight airlines had signed up to offer 2Ku to their passengers. As it happens, the day after our demo flight, Gogo received its Supplemental Type Certificate from the FAA, allowing Gogo to launch 2Ku for commercial use. The first aircraft to offer 2Ku service will be an Aeromexico 737-800 that should be equipped before the end of 2015. In the US, Delta also announced that it will install 2Ku on 250 of its aircraft, beginning in 2016.

An Aeromexico 737-800 (XA-AMG) taxiing at LAX

I asked a Gogo rep whether there were plans to offer retrofit kits for aircraft that already have older equipment installed, and the reply was not promising. Most airlines already invested heavily to install the then-current technology (a New York Times article estimated the cost to be up to $100,000 per plane) and aren't keen to rip out the old hardware to install newer but more expensive stuff, especially when a plane is on the tail-end of its expected useful life.

So in other words, I should be happy the American Airlines MD-80 I flew on the Chicago-Dallas route even had a Wi-Fi signal; AA can only hope to recoop the installation costs before the old bird gets put out to pasture.  Having 2Ku on my next flight is definitely a mouth-watering prospect, but it will take several years of fleet additions and refurbishments until blazing high-speed inflight internet becomes a common occurrence.

Oh yea… flying on Gogo's 737-500 "Jimmy Ray" was a pretty awesome experience… more on that in a future story!

Note: Travel was provided for by Gogo, but all thoughts and opinions are my own.

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